Automata 3D Printed

In this activity, students will design and create machines with moving objects/characters that symbolize abstract concepts and represent dynamic situations, utilizing Tinkercad for fabrication on a 3D printer or laser cutter.

These machines, called automata or cam toys, consist of hand-powered mechanisms that create cyclical motions to animate a scene. Cams are rotating shapes that push on or rub against mechanical elements to create other motions. One rotating shaft can power many cams, and each can create a different motion in its associated mechanical element. Students decide which of these motions is best for the specific concepts they want to represent.

Models may be directly representative of academic content, such as a depiction of a sound wave, or a model of a cell. Abstract concepts, like a balance of power, ecological interactions, or societal changes, are also well-suited to modeling. The appearance and motions of the characters and objects must communicate the intended concept.

nstructors should create a series of requirements and parameters for students to meet, such as creating multiple characters or objects, including more than one form of motion (spin, side-to-side, up-down), and varying the range of motion (speed, height, frequency).

Students will begin by researching the motions and mechanisms that are easily implemented in a cam toy. They can then brainstorm ideas on how to represent the topic they are assigned using the mechanical motions commonly done in automata. Students may do this work by hand on paper, by creating models with crafting materials, or by exploring Tinkercad. When they are ready to fabricate their models, they can do so with a combination of craft materials and 3D printing.

Once completed, these models provide an excellent opportunity for students to share theircreations and get feedback from peers. Encourage students to test each other's automata,and see if they can figure out what they mean before the concept is explained.

This project may be completed individually or in groups of 2-3 students. Depending onstudents' experience with mechanical design and 3D printing software, this project shouldtake approximately 2-3 hours.